State of Charge,
Coulomb Counting ... and all the rest (who said it wasn't fun)? The web is full of this
stuff if anyone has the time to research it! But I must report that my own somewhat brief
foray did not unearth any mention of that most important "spec":- that of £ per Ah.

Notice that the first link mentions the Kalman Filter*.
The second link lays out the case for precise battery monitoring in personal hand-held communications devices. Fair enough. But (as I keep saying) why are we being lumbered with such complexity (and resultant expense) in medical equipment such as patient monitors?

The third link discusses some of the finer points to be borne in mind when charging Li-Ion batteries.
Of all the common cell chemistries Lithium is the most chemically reactive and the only one which needs electronic battery management systems to keep the battery within a safe operating window and to ensure a long cycle life.
*
Which addresses the age-old question:- how do you get accurate information out of inaccurate data?