MODULE 09.1
LABORATORY APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT
Objectives:-
09.1.01 To give an overview of clinical laboratory work.
09.1.02 To discuss temperature measurement and control; describe different types of controlling device.
09.1.03 To describe the principle of (compression) refrigeration; functional diagram.
09.1.04 To describe the purpose and operation of a typical general purpose centrifuge; mention motor control and braking; functional diagram.
09.1.05 To describe an ultracentrifuge with full control systems, vacuum pump and refrigeration; functional diagram.
09.1.06 To describe the principle and purpose of electrophoresis and operation of typical apparatus; functional diagram.
09.1.07 To give an overview of autoclave sterilizers as used in laboratories.
09.1.08 To give an overview of miscellaneous laboratory equipment; shakers, stirrers, mixers, diluters, baths, hotplates, heaters, stills, ovens, incubators, dispensers, balances (mechanical and electronic) etc..
09.1.09 To give an overview of tissue processing and list the equipment used in histology; to describe the operation of a typical tissue processor; functional diagram.
09.1.10 To describe the principle of tissue embedding; to describe a typical tissue embedding apparatus; functional diagram.
09.1.11 To describe the purpose, principle and types of microtomes and cryostats.
09.1.12 To list the classifications of microbiological safety cabinets and explain associated hazards and procedures.
09.1.13 To demonstrate and practise practical skills involved with the maintenance of clinical laboratory apparatus and equipment.
MODULE 09.2
LABORATORY INSTRUMENTATION
Objectives:-
09.2.01 To state the purpose of blood, to list its components and describe its composition.
09.2.02 To list standard blood tests and discuss blood grouping.
09.2.03 To discuss the storage of blood.
09.2.04 To discuss fundamental physics appertaining to laboratory instrumentation (light, colours, electromagnetic spectrum, absorption, Beer Lambert law).
09.2.05 To discuss typical laboratory instrument components and techniques (photocells, monochromators, recorders, plotters, oscilloscopes etc.).
09.2.06 To outline basic chemistry appertaining to laboratory instrumentation.
09.2.07 To describe the principle and operation of the single cell photoelectric absorptiometer (as applied in colorimeter or densiometer, haemoglobinometer, basic absorptiometer); functional diagram.
09.2.08 To define titration; to describe the principle and operation of a typical chloride meter; functional diagram.
09.2.09 To discuss osmosis; to describe the operation of a typical osmometer.
09.2.10 To discuss flame photometry; to describe the operation of a typical flame photometer; functional diagram.
09.2.11 To describe the principle and operation of a typical spectrophotometer; functional diagram.
09.2.12 To describe the Coulter principle; to list blood count parameters; to describe the operation of a typical blood cell counter; functional diagram.
09.2.13 To discuss the principle of differential leucocyte counting; block diagram of typical counter.
09.2.14 To discuss pH; functional diagram of pH cell electrode and typical pH meter.
09.2.15 To discuss partial pressure; to describe pO2 and pCO2 electrodes; to give an overview of blood gas analysers.
09.2.16 To describe the basic principles of chromatography; to list the various techniques.
09.2.17 To describe the outline operation of a typical high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) instrument; functional diagram.
09.2.18 To describe the purpose, special features and outline operation of a typical automatic clinical chemistry analyser; describe how the continuous flow is achieved; functional diagrams.
09.2.19 To discuss the elementary principles of microscopy and the uses of laboratory microscopes; diagram of simple monocular microscope.
09.2.20 To give an overview of electron microscopy; functional diagram.
09.2.21 To give an overview of radiometry.
09.2.22 To discuss the basic principles of gamma counters, scalers, counters, ratemeters; functional diagrams.
09.2.23 To discuss data processing and the interfacing of clinical laboratory instruments with computers.
09.2.24 To discuss the concept and methods of quality control and equipment calibration.
09.2.25 To demonstrate and practise practical skills involved with the maintenance of clinical laboratory instrumentation.
